In preparation for the illustrated edition of 1831, Mary Shelley revised her earlier manuscript and added a detailed introduction describing how the story originated. Because the first edition of 1818 had been published anonymously, there had been speculation that her husband Percy Bysshe Shelley was the author. The frontispiece captures the dramatic moment when the monster awakens amidst instruments, human bones, and books, and Frankenstein, horrified by what he has created, flees his study. The tableau is the work of Theodor von Holst, who incorporated details from his Faust illustrations.